Scientific and technical progress
The basis of scientific and technical progress of today is new informational technology which is very different from all the previous technologies. Thanks to up-to-date software and robots new informational technologies can make many processes much faster and transmit information more quickly. It is important today because the quantity of information grows rapidly.
New informational society has its peculiarities. Firstly, more and more employees work in the sphere of service and information. Secondly, more and more huge databases appear to collect and store the information. And finally, information and IT become goods and start playing important part in the country’s economy.
These processes affect social structures and values.
It becomes important to learn to get new knowledge quickly and sometimes to change your qualification. IT can first lead to unemployment, but later create even more workplaces especially for highly qualified professionals. While the hardest work can be performed by robots and routine calculations by computers, in the future people with the most creative mind and numerous fresh ideas will get better career chances.
On one hand technology development gives more access to professional and cultural information and leads to new forms of individual enterprises, but on the other hand there is a danger of total control of private life unless special laws are enforced by the government.
Another danger is «intellectual terrorism» when computer viruses block important programs.
There are other directions of technical and scientific progress of today.
One of them is the development of new ecologically clean sources of energy using sun, gravitation, winds or rain. New kind of transports and new agricultural methods that do not harm our nature are being developed today.
Breakthroughs in science have led to creation of artificial viruses for new medicines and products, body organs for transplantation and productive soils for growing vegetables and crops. Many new materials and technologies are being used in our everyday life.
All these innovations may have influence on our life, social relations and globally on our Earth.
The influence can be very different: from psychological and health problems of children who spend too much time online to an opportunity to prevent genetic diseases for future generations.
But the most difficult problems the humanity faces are global problems.
The first and foremost is ecological problem: pollution of air, water and soil, exhaustion of natural resources. Renewable natural resources such as oxygen, forests, flora and fauna do not have enough time to regenerate. This leads to different changes in climate and nature such as depletion of ozone layer and other things that has not been properly studied by scientists yet.
Other crucial problems include wars, epidemics, and demographic problems.
The only way to solve them is to work globally and in cooperation with other countries. And here the humanity should find a way to use new technologies for the common good. The solution of these problems cannot be postponed because otherwise people will have fewer chances to survive on this planet.
Answer the questions
1. Why is IT progress different from other progresses?
2. What are the peculiarities of information society?
3. What is the role of information in this society?
4. According to the text who will have better career chances in the near future and why?
5. What are the possible dangers of wide access to information?
6. What ecologically clean sources of energy do you know?
7. How can scientific innovations influence our everyday life?
8. What are the key problems that humanity faces today?
9. How can these problems be solved?
10. What ecological problems are mentioned in the text?
11. What are the benefits of the scientific and technical progress?
12. What are the drawbacks of the scientific and technical progress?
13. Find in the text synonyms to the words «new», «fast», «important» and «to send». Can you think of other synonyms to these words?
14. Translate the underlined words and use them in your own sentences.
Technological Progress
For centuries people have been inventing things to make life easier. Among the greatest inventions of the past are the automobile, the steam engine, the electricity, the telephone and television. Since the beginning of the 20th century people have made a huge step in technology. Now we live in flats, talk to people who live in other parts of the world, travel from one place to another by plane. All these things are a product of technological progress and it is still growing rapidly.
Today we live in the world of machines and computers. Every day more and more gadgets appear and all of them make our life easier. Some of the new inventions have become so affordable and common, that now people cannot imagine life without them. For example, the mobile phone has turned from an expensive portable phone into an inexpensive data, e-mail, and voice service that almost anyone can afford. At the speed that mobile phones are evolving they may one day replace in-home phone services. Years ago mobile phones were bulky and required large batteries in a carrying case. Today’s mobiles fit in a pocket and can replace a computer.
Another example of modern high-tech inventions is the Internet. Almost every company in the world has its own website. The Internet provides any kind of information on any topic. Of course, some of the sources are not reliable, but the Internet gives a very good opportunity to shop, book rooms and flights, watch films, listen to music and many other things. The Internet also gives an opportunity to make new friends and find old ones thanks to social networking sites such as Facebook or Vkontakte.
Computer technology has influenced production processes and made work easier. Toy companies, for example, incorporate computer chips in toys which make them move, talk and sing on their own. The car industry has computer systems installed in cars and they give information on car’s condition, including tire pressure, headlights or the temperature inside and outside. Printing has become much easier with the computer-based printing machines.
Tablet PCs are becoming more and more popular today. They are much lighter than notebooks or netbooks and they contain all the software that is needed for business, studies and pleasure. EBook readers are a new invention too. This is a very convenient gadget that allows uploading books in different electronic formats. Instead of carrying one paperback book in a bag, you can carry one eBook reader with thousands of books on it.
Surely, these new inventions are not the last ones that humanity has developed and many others will be developed year upon year.
ПЛАН-ОТВЕТ. TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
1. Вступление (have been inventing things for centuries/the automobile/the steam engine, etc.; technological progress now).
2. Рассказать о технологическом процессе в современном мире (the world of machines and computers, more and more gadgets appear, so affordable and common, the mobile phone: bulky, large batteries, etc.)
3. Рассказать о новых изобретениях и об их роли в нашей жизни (the Internet: any kind of information, good opportunity to shop, book rooms and flights, watch films, social networking sites, computer technology, toy companies, the car industry, printing; tablet PCs: lighter than notebooks, the software that is needed, for business, studies and pleasure; eBook readers: convenient, uploading books, thousands of books).
4. Заключение (Surely, these new inventions are not the last ones that humanity has developed and many others will be developed year upon year.).
QUESTIONS
1. Why have people been inventing new things for many centuries?
2. What are the basic greatest inventions of the past?
3. What does the modern world look like?
4. How can you describe technological progress now?
5. What can you say about mobile phones as inventions?
6. Have you got a mobile phone?
7. Can you live without a mobile now? Why (not)?
8. Do you consider the Internet a great invention? Why (not)?
9. How often do you browse the Net?
10. What are your favourite sites?
11. Do you have an account on any of the social networking sites?
12. Have you got a tablet PC? Would you like to have it and why?
13. Do you think that eBook readers are a great invention?
14. Do you use such a reader?
15. Do you think that eBooks will replace paperback books in the future? Why (not)?
16. What other inventions do you know? What can you tell about them?
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Inventions Изобретения
antibiotics антибиотики
automobile автомобиль
battery батарейка
eBook литературное произведение в электронном формате (электронная книга)
eBook reader устройство для чтения электронных книг
electronic money электронные деньги
GPS technology система спутниковой навигации
jet airliner реактивный самолёт, лайнер
LED (light emitting diods) светодиоды
mobile/cell (AmE) phone мобильный телефон
МРЗ-player трЗ-плеер
netbook нетбук
printing press книгопечатаный станок
social networking/media site социальная сеть
steam engine паровой двигатель
tablet PC/pad планшетный компьютер, «таблетка»
telescope телескоп
television телевидение
text messages/SMS CMC-сообщения
walkman кассетный плеер
Топик по английскому языку «Technological progress»
Рубрика: Наука
Technological progress — топик по английскому языку, который поможет подготовиться к устной части экзамена, пополнив ваш вокабуляр полезными фразами и выражениями по теме. Текст с переводом подойдет для учеников 7-11 классов и всех, кто изучает английский язык.
The Digital Revolution is considered to be the Third Industrial Revolution that, according to scientists, started in the 1940s but was widely accepted only thirty years later in the 1970s. Nowadays, this Revolution has achieved great results and has affected our lifestyle, habits and even mentality.
It goes without saying that the technological progress has also exerted a significant impact on interpersonal communication. However, it is not always clear whether the progress is a positive or a negative thing.
On the one hand, there are many advantages of the progress which allow us to consider it as an opportunity. Firstly, it helps to develop human relations by means of the internet and electronic devices, such as PC, smartphone, and tablet. We have become closer not only to those people who live nearby but to those who live in other countries as well.
Secondly, the technological progress has an impact on interpersonal communication from a more global point of view. Technology can work as a driver in the process of collaborative consumption in which people learn to share, thanks to the Web.
On the other hand, the Digital Revolution does not consist only of positive aspects. First of all, in some cases, the interpersonal communication becomes more primitive and people forget how to communicate with others personally. This leads to a more serious one that is about fear of in-person meetings.
Finally, in the Digital Age, we rely more on technology and less on each other. As a result, we become more independent of other people and may feel more confident; however, it is only an illusion as we actually become more helpless.
Перевод:
Цифровая Революция считается третьей индустриальной революцией, которая, согласно ученым, началась в 1940-х годах, но широко распространилась лишь 30 лет спустя в 1970-е годы. Сегодня эта революция достигла великолепных результатов и повлияла на наш стиль жизни, привычки и даже менталитет.
Само собой разумеется, что технологический прогресс также значительно повлиял на межличностное общение. Однако не всегда понятно, является ли прогресс положительным явлением или нет.
С одной стороны, прогресс обладает множеством достоинств, которые позволяют нам судить о нем как о благоприятном явлении. Прежде всего, он помогает развивать человеческие отношения с помощью интернета и электронных устройств, таких как компьютер, смартфон и планшет. Мы стали ближе не только к тем, кто живет неподалеку, но и к тем, кто живет в других странах тоже.
Во-вторых, технологический прогресс воздействует на межличностные отношения еще и с более глобальной точки зрения. Технология может служить оператором процесса совместного потребления, в котором люди учатся делиться, благодаря интернету.
С другой стороны, Цифровая Революция не состоит лишь из положительных аспектов. Прежде всего, в некоторых случаях межличностная коммуникация становится более примитивной, и люди забывают, как общаться с другими лично. Это приводит к более серьезной проблеме, связанной со страхом перед личным общением.
Наконец, в эпоху цифровых технологий мы больше полагаемся на технологии, чем друг на друга. В результате, мы становимся менее зависимыми от других людей и можем чувствовать себя увереннее. Однако это лишь иллюзия, ведь на деле мы становимся еще более беззащитными.
To affect – действовать, влиять
To exert an impact – оказывать влияние
Interpersonal communication – (межличностное) общение
Advantage – достоинство, плюс, положительная сторона
Collaborative consumption – совместное потребление
In-person meeting – личная встреча
To rely on – полагаться на
Helpless – беспомощный, беззащитный
Готовишься к ОГЭ или ЕГЭ?
Technical progress is always harmful for the environment с переводом (Сочинения ЕГЭ английский язык)
The world changes incredibly fast today. People constantly invent something new and useful for their life. But some people are sure that technical progress may be harmful and dangerous for the environment.
I strongly believe that technical progress is important thing that makes life of people, animals and plants better. To begin with, people discover technologies that allow them to help the environmental. For instance, they can create better conditions in zoos and reservation parks for the animals on the brink of extinction. Furthermore, modern people always think about how their inventions can influence the ecology and how to make them harmless. There are, for example, cars that use solar energy, filters that make the water and the air clean and pure, etc.
However, some people think differently.
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They are sure that technical progress does harm because to create new technologies you have to use the earth’s supplies and it results in shortage of minerals, water, fuel, etc.
There is something in what they say. Still, I am sure that this problem is easy to solve: people try to discover methods that help them to use supplies effectively.
In conclusion, I want to say that technical progress is important as it helps improve our life. But you must always remember about ecology and be thoughtful for our wonderful planet.
Мир сегодня меняется невероятно быстро. Люди постоянно изобретают что-то новое и полезное для своей жизни. Но некоторые люди уверены, что технический прогресс может быть вредным и опасным для окружающей среды.
Однако некоторые люди думают иначе. Они уверены, что технический прогресс приносит вред, потому что для создания новых технологий вам нужно использовать ресурсы Земли, а это приводит к нехватке минералов, воды, топлива и т.д.
В том, что они говорят, что-то есть. Тем не менее, я уверена, что эту проблему легко решить: люди пытаются найти методы, которые помогают им эффективно использовать расходные материалы.
В заключение хочу сказать, что технический прогресс важен, поскольку он помогает улучшить нашу жизнь. Но вы всегда должны помнить об экологии и заботиться о нашей замечательной планете.
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Текст с вопросами на английском на тему «Научно-технический прогресс»
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Scientific and technical progress
The basis of scientific and technical progress of today is new informational technology which is very different from all the previous technologies. Thanks to up-to-date software and robots new informational technologies can make many processes much faster and transmit information more quickly. It is important today because the quantity of information grows rapidly.
New informational society has its peculiarities. Firstly, more and more employees work in the sphere of service and information. Secondly, more and more huge database s appear to collect and store the information. And finally, information and IT become goods and start playing important part in the country’s economy.
These processes affect social structures and values.
It becomes important to learn to get new knowledge quickly and sometimes to change your qualification. IT can first lead to unemployment, but later create even more workplaces especially for highly qualified professionals. While the hardest work can be performed by robots and routine calculation s by computers, in the future people with the most creative mind and numerous fresh ideas will get better career chances.
On the one hand technology development gives more access to professional and cultural information and leads to new forms of individual enterprises, but on the other hand there is a danger of total control of private life unless special laws are enforce d by the government.Another danger is «intellectual terrorism» when computer viruses block important programs.
There are other directions of technical and scientific progress of today.
One of them is the development of new ecologically clean source s of energy using sun, gravitation, winds or rain. New kind of transports and new agricultural methods that do not harm our nature are being developed today.
All these innovations may have influence on our life, social relations and globally on our Earth.
The influence can be very different: from psychological and health problems of children who spend too much time online to an opportunity to prevent genetic diseases for future generations.
But the most difficult problems the humanity face s are global problems.
The first and foremost is ecological problem: pollution of air, water and soil, exhaustion of natural resources. Renewable natural resources such as oxygen, forests, flora and fauna do not have enough time to regenerate. This leads to different changes in climate and nature such as depletion of ozone layer and other things that has not been properly studied by scientists yet.
Answer the questions
1.Why is IT progress different from other progresses?
2.What are the peculiarities of information society?
3.What is the role of information in this society?
4. According to the text who will have better career chances in the near future and why?
5. What are the possible dangers of wide access to information?
6. What ecologically clean sources of energy do you know?
7. How can scientific innovations influence our everyday life?
8. What are the key problems that humanity faces today?
9. How can these problems be solved?
10. What ecological problems are mentioned in the text?
11. What are the benefits of the scientific and technical progress?
12. What are the drawbacks of the scientific and technical progress?
13. Find in the text synonyms to the words «new», «fast», «important» and «to send». Can you think of other synonyms to these words?
14. Translate the underlined words and use them in your own sentences.
