Prominent Russians: Aleksey Leonov
Aleksey Leonov was born on 30 May 1934 in the small village of Listvyanka 600 kilometers north of the city of Kemerovo in the southeast of Western Siberia. The ninth child in his family, Aleksey revealed his interest in arts and aviation at an early age. In 1936 Aleksey Leonov’s father became the subject of repression, but was rehabilitated in 1939. The family moved to Kemerovo and then to Kalinigrad, where Leonov’s relatives still reside. In 1953 Aleksey graduated from high school. By that time he had achieved good results in his studies. In addition, he had made achievements in sports and knew much about aircraft. Thanks to his elder brother, who was an aviation technician, Aleksey Leonov learnt about aero engines, aircraft construction and even flight theories. That was enough to enter the aircraft college, the school Leonov had dreamt of since childhood. In 1955-1957 Aleksey studied at the higher specialized school for fighter pilots in Ukraine. After graduation he enrolled in the fighting squads and proved himself a very talented pilot. In 1960 Aleksey Leonov passed the necessary tests and was enlisted into the cosmonauts’ detachment. It was a very high honor since the profession of cosmonaut ranged among the most privileged and respectable in the Soviet Union.
In 1960-1961 Leonov studied at the cosmonauts’ training courses. On 17 March 1965 Aleksey Leonov was appointed co-pilot on the “Voskhod-2” (“Sunrise-2”) mission. The spaceship, with two cosmonauts on board, left for outer space and remained there for 1 day, 2 hours, 2 minutes and 17 seconds. It was an historic mission: for the very first
time a human being dared to leave the spacecraft. Aleksey Leonov left the spaceship for 12 minutes and 9 seconds. The event was absolutely unprecedented. Upon trying to return on board the spacecraft, Leonov realized his spacesuit had become inflated, so he couldn’t enter the spaceship. But he didn’t panic. He managed to open a valve lowering the suit’s pressure. Finally, Leonov found himself on board. Still, it wasn’t the end of the mission’s troubles. Before landing, the navigation system of the spaceship stopped working. The spacecraft landed 180 kilometers to the north of the city of Perm, in impassable taiga. The cosmonauts spent two nights in a deep forest and in a terrible frost. Only on the third day a group of rescuers discovered the cosmonauts. Despite all the troubles of the mission Aleksey Leonov made the shortest and the most optimistic report in the history of cosmonautics: “It is possible to survive and work in outer space.” These words started a new era in human activities in the cosmos.
For his successful mission, lieutenant colonel Aleksey Leonov was given the rank of “Hero of the Soviet Union” on 23 March 1965. He was also awarded the Order of Lenin and the “Golden Star” Medal.
In 1965-1967 Leonov served as a superior instructor, a cosmonaut and a space pilot. In 1968 he graduated from the Air Force Engineering Academy. In 1967-1970 he was responsible for the Moon Mission preparation and hoped to be among the first men to set foot on the surface of the moon. The mission never happened though.
On 22 January 1969 Aleksey Leonov nearly became the victim of an assassination attempt on the leader of the USSR, Leonid Brezhnev. Leonov and three other cosmonauts were in a governmental car that was fired upon. The shooter confused the cars. The driver was killed, but the cosmonauts survived.
In July 1975 Aleksey Leonov took his second trip to outer space. It was the first joint mission between the USSR and the US. Leonov was the commander of the Soviet spaceship “Soyuz-19.” The so-called “Apollo-Soyuz space project” was both a scientific and a symbolic mission. It allowed the testing of important systems of American and Soviet space technology synchronization and reinforced “détente politics” and cooperation between the USSR and the US. The mission was successful and lasted for 5 days, 22 hours, 30 minutes and 51 seconds. Major-General Aleksey Leonov was awarded with his second “Golden Star” Medal and his second Order of Lenin. He was also given the rank of “Hero of the Soviet Union” for the second time.
In 1976-1982 Leonov became Deputy Director of the Cosmonaut Training Center named after Yury Gagarin. He was also an editor of the cosmonaut newspaper “The Neptune.”
Retired in 1991, Aleksey Leonov still leads an active life. He is the vice president of a Moscow bank and an advisor to the First Deputy of the Board. He also enjoys painting. There have been several exhibitions of his works, including those drawings he made during his trips to outer space. Leonov is the creator of over 200 paintings. He has been a member of the Artists’ Union since 1965.
Aleksey Leonov is freeman of over 30 cities of the world. His name was given to a moon craters. He is a laureate of a number of governmental and scientific awards and prizes. Several streets and schools in Russia bear Leonov’s name and monuments to the cosmonaut have been erected in Moscow and Kemerovo.
Aleksey Leonov is married and has two daughters. Currently he and his family live in Moscow. On 30 May 2009 the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev congratulated Aleksey Leonov on his 75th birthday.
Written by Alyona Kipreeva, RT
Сочинение на английском Юрий Гагарин / Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin was a very brave man. His mission was important not only for our country, but for the whole humanity. He became the first human to journey into outer space on the spacecraft.
It happened in 1961. He was 27 years old by then. His mission was successful. He orbited the Earth. He said that our planet looked very beautiful from space.
Because of the technical problems he landed not exactly where it was planned. He catapulted and descended with parachute. There was a danger of drowning in Volga, but he was well trained and managed to land away from the river.
The mission was both very dangerous and very honorable. And competition among candidates was high. Candidates were to be in excellent physical shape and to have deep technical knowledges. Gagarin was very focused, and was demanding of himself. He was the best.
He was a short man: 1.57 metres tall. And it was actually an advantage, because there was little space in the cabin.
Yuri Gagarin was married and had two daughters. Unfortunately he died quite young. He was only 34 years old, when the training jet he was piloting crashed.
People will always remember his great achievement and his radiant smile.
Юрий Гагарин был очень смелым человеком. Его миссия была важна не только для нашей страны, но и для всего человечества. Он стал первым человеком, отправившимся в космос на космическом корабле.
Это случилось в 1961 году. Ему тогда было 27 лет. Его миссия была успешной. Он облетел вокруг Земли. Он сказал, что наша планета выглядит очень красиво из космоса.
Из-за технических проблем он приземлился не там, где планировалось. Он катапультировался и спустился на парашюте. Была опасность утонуть в Волге, но он был хорошо подготовлен и сумел приземлиться в стороне от реки.
Миссия была очень опасной и очень почетной. И конкуренция среди кандидатов была высока. Кандидаты должны были быть в отличной физической форме и обладать глубокими техническими знаниями. Гагарин был очень сосредоточен и требователен к себе. Он был лучшим.
Он был невысоким человеком: его рост составлял 1,57 метров. И это было на самом деле преимуществом, потому что в кабине корабля было мало места.
Юрий Гагарин был женат и имел двух дочерей. К сожалению, он умер совсем молодым. Ему было всего 34 года, когда разбился тренировочный самолет, которым он управлял.
Люди всегда будут помнить его великое достижение и его лучезарную улыбку.
Космонавты (The Cosmonauts)
On April 12, 1961, the world, with bated breath, watched the Russian pilot Yuri Gagarin on board a huge rocket launch from Earth into outer space. Gagarin became the first cosmonaut, specially prepared for work in space by man.
After 8 years, American Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon. Since then, several hundred astronauts, men and women, have been in space. During the flight, the cosmonauts do different work: they conduct scientific experiments in zero-gravity conditions, leave the spacecraft to eliminate malfunctions in the work of satellites, photograph planets and stars.
Humanity is preparing for the next important milestone in the study of space: to fly to other planets in the solar system. In some countries, for example, in the USA and Britain, cosmonauts are called astronauts.
Astronauts need a long preparation. Candidates are selected carefully. They must be able to work in zero gravity. Gravity holds the spaceship in a near-earth orbit. But there is no gravity in the space, so the cosmonauts swim freely in the compartments of the ship. This phenomenon is called weightlessness.
Dressing for work in outer space is not so easy. The cosmonaut has to wear a spacesuit, and sometimes he wears a knapsack motor that allows him to manoeuvre around the ship. If there was no protective suit, the cosmonaut would explode: the human body is arranged so that everything in it is adapted to the constant pressure of the earth’s atmosphere, which is not in the open space. Not to mention the fact that there is no air which is necessary for life.
12 апреля 1961 года мир, затаив дыхание, следил за тем, как русский летчик Юрий Гагарин на борту огромной ракеты стартовал с Земли в космическое пространство. Гагарин стал первым космонавтом, специально подготовленным для работы в космосе человеком.
Спустя 8 лет американец Нил Армстронг ступил на Луну. С тех пор несколько сотен космонавтов, мужчин и женщин, побывали в космосе. Во время полета космонавты выполняют разную работу: проводят научные эксперименты в условиях невесомости, покидают космический корабль, чтобы устранить неисправности в работе спутников, фотографируют далекие планеты и звезды.
Сейчас человечество готовится к следующей важной вехе в изучении космоса: к полету на другие планеты Солнечной системы. В некоторых странах, например в США и Великобритании, космонавтов называют астронавтами.
Космонавтам необходима длительная подготовка. Кандидаты проходят тщательный отбор. Они должны уметь работать в невесомости. Гравитация удерживает космический корабль на околоземной орбите. Но в самом космическом пространстве нет гравитации, поэтому космонавты свободно плавают в отсеках корабля. Это явление называется невесомостью.
Одеться для работы в открытом космосе не так-то просто. Космонавт должен облачиться в скафандр, а иногда надеть ранцевый двигатель, позволяющий маневрировать вокруг корабля. Не будь защитного скафандра, космонавт взорвался бы: человеческое тело устроено так, что в нем все приспособлено к постоянному давлению земной атмосферы, которого нет в открытом космосе. Не говоря уже о том, что там нет воздуха, необходимого для жизни.
Презентация ко Дню Космонавтики на английском языке «Алексей Леонов»
специалист в области арт-терапии
Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:
Ловдина Татьяна Петровна
МАОУ СОШ № 12
г. Северодвинск
Архангельской области
Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov was born in the small village of Listvyanka in the Kemerovo region on May 30, 1934. His father was an ordinary peasant, and his mother was a village teacher. Alexey was the 8th child in the family who went to school in the city of Kemerovo in 1943. Soon the whole family moved to Kaliningrad
Childhood
Ten years later, Alexey Arkhipovich graduated from the Kaliningrad secondary school. According to Leonov himself, he was never particularly proud of the good grades that were in the certificate, since most of all he valued his knowledge about art and aviation.
A pilot school
Alexey woke up to love aircraft engines and aircraft designs in his early youth, when he watched his older brother, an aircraft technician, happily repairing various parts. Together with his sporting achievements, his interest in airplanes pushed Leonov to enroll in a pilot school in central Ukraine in the city of Kremenchug. Since 1955 till 1957, Leonov graduated as a fighter pilot, after which he began to fly in combat regiments.
The first spacewalk
Thanks to his perseverance, knowledge and physical training in 1960, having passed a difficult selection competition, Leonov was enrolled in the first famous cosmonaut corps of the Soviet Union. Three years later, on the night of March 18-19, 1965, Alexei Arkhipovich, together with Pavel Belyaev, made his first spacewalk on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft, where he showed exceptional courage. After this experience, Leonov became the deputy of the Soviet cosmonaut corps, and in the period Since 1967 till 1970 took over command of a group of specialists working on the Moon program.
Soyuz-Apollo program
In 1975, together with Valery Kubasov, he made the second flight into space as the commander of the Soyuz-19 spacecraft under the ASTP program (Soyuz-Apollo program). The flight duration was 5 days 22 hours 30 minutes 51 seconds. Then, for the first time in the world, the docking of ships of two different countries was carried out, and the cosmonauts also conducted many biomedical, astrophysical, geophysical and technological experiments.
Hobby
Leonov’s favorite hobby was painting, which the cosmonaut became interested in in his youth. He is the author of over two hundred paintings and five albums with reproductions. Among his works are space and earthly landscapes, portraits of friends, fantastic subjects.
Alexey Leonov died on October 11, 2019 at the age of 85.
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