Дмитрий Менделеев биография на английском
Краткая биография Менделеева на английском языке изложена в этой статье.
Дмитрий Менделеев краткая биография на английском
Dmitri Mendeleyev was born in Tobolsk, Russia, on February 8, 1834. After receiving an education in science in Russia and Germany, he became a professor and conducted research in chemistry. Mendeleyev is best known for his discovery of the periodic law, which he introduced in 1869, and for his formulation of the periodic table of elements. He died in St. Petersburg, Russia, on February 2, 1907.
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev was born on February 8, 1834, in the Siberian town of Tobolsk in Russia. His father, Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleyev, went blind around the time his final son was born, and died in 1847. The scientist’s mother, Mariya Dmitriyevna Kornileva, worked as the manager of a glass factory to support herself and her children. When the factory burned down in 1848, the family moved to St. Petersburg.
Mendeleyev attended the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg and graduated in 1855. After teaching in the Russian cities of Simferopol and Odessa, he returned to St. Petersburg to earn a master’s degree. Mendeleyev continued his studies abroad, with two years at the University of Heidelberg.
As a professor, Mendeleyev taught first at the St. Petersburg Technological Institute and then at the University of St. Petersburg, where he remained through 1890. Realizing he was in need of a quality textbook to cover the subject of inorganic chemistry, he put together one of his own, The Principles of Chemistry.
While he was researching and writing that book in the 1860s, Mendeleyev made the discovery that led to his most famous achievement. He noticed certain recurring patterns between different groups of elements and, using existing knowledge of the elements’ chemical and physical properties, he was able to make further connections. He systematically arranged the dozens of known elements by atomic weight in a grid-like diagram; following this system, he could even predict the qualities of still-unknown elements. In 1869, Mendeleyev formally presented his discovery of the periodic law to the Russian Chemical Society.
At first, Mendeleyev’s system had very few supporters in the international scientific community. It gradually gained acceptance over the following two decades with the discoveries of three new elements that possessed the qualities of his earlier predictions. In London in 1889, Mendeleyev presented a summary of his collected research in a lecture titled «The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements.» His diagram, known as the periodic table of elements, is still used today.
Beyond his theoretical work in chemistry, Mendeleyev was known for his more practical scientific studies, often for the benefit of the national economy. He was involved in research on Russian petroleum production, the coal industry and advanced agricultural methods, and he acted as a government consultant on issues ranging from new types of gunpowder to national tariffs.
Mendeleyev remained occupied with scientific activities after leaving his teaching post in 1890. He contributed numerous articles to the new Brockhaus Encyclopedia, and in 1893 he was named director of Russia’s new Central Board of Weights and Measures. He also oversaw multiple reprints of The Principles of Chemistry.
Mendeleyev was married twice, to Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva in 1862 and to Anna Ivanova Popova in 1882. He had a combined six children from those two marriages.
In the later years of his career, Mendeleyev was internationally recognized for his contributions to the field of chemistry. He received honorary awards from Oxford and Cambridge, as well as a medal from the Royal Society of London.
Mendeleyev died on February 2, 1907. At his funeral in St. Petersburg, his students carried a large copy of the periodic table of the elements as a tribute to his work.
Dmitry Mendeleyev / Дмитрий Менделеев (текст на английском с переводом, звуковая версия)
The Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleyev is regarded as the father of the periodic table of chemical elements.
Русский химик, Дмитрий Менделеев, считается отцом периодической таблицы химических элементов.
He studied all the elements known at the time
Он изучил все известные в то время элементы
and discovered that they showed a regular repetition of properties when arranged in a certain order.
и обнаружил, что они проявляют регулярные повторения свойств, когда расположены в определенном порядке.
He also predicted the discovery and properties of new elements.
Он также предсказал открытие и свойства новых элементов.
All of these have now been isolated and named;
Все они в настоящее время выделены и названы;
one, mendelevium, is named for Mendeleyev.
один из них, менделевиум, назван по имени Менделеева.
Mendeleyev also experimented with agricultural production based on scientific principles,
Менделеев также проводил эксперименты в сельскохозяйственном производстве, основанном на научных принципах,
increasing its efficiency to such an extent
поднимающих его производительность до таких размеров,
that his methods came to be applied in many Russian industries.
что эти методы стали применять во многих отраслях российской промышленности.
agricultural – сельскохозяйственный; аграрный, земледельческий
apply (applied; applied) – применять, использовать
arrange (arranged; arranged) – располагать
discover (discovered; discovered) – обнаруживать, открывать
efficiency – эффективность, результативность, действенность
extent – мера, степень, рамки, пределы
increasing – возрастающий, растущий
isolate (isolated; isolated) – отделять, выделять
name (named; named) – называть, упоминать, назначать
order – порядок, расположение в определённом порядке; последовательность, очерёдность
periodic table of chemical elements – периодическая таблица Менделеева
predict (predicted; predicted) – предсказывать, прогнозировать
property – свойство, качество
regard (regarded; regarded) – расценивать, рассматривать; считать (кем-л. / чем-л.)
regular – правильный, нормальный, регулярный, систематический
repetition – повторение
Презентация «Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев» на английском языке.
Просмотр содержимого документа
«Презентация «Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев» на английском языке.»
ГБПОУ «Тверской колледж имени А.Н.Коняева»
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
Russian inventor and chemist
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on 8 February 1834 near Tobolsk. He was a Russian inventor and chemist. The most famous invention of Mendeleev is periodic table of elements.
In 1869 the great Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleyev announced the discovery of the Periodic Law of elements. So science received the key to the secrets of matter.
Mendeleyev’s discovery made it possible for the scientists to find 38 new chemical elements to fill the empty spaces left in the Periodic Table.
In 1955 the American scientist Dr. Glenn Seabord obtained element No 101 and named it Mendelevium in honor of the creator of the Periodic Law.
Mendeleev’s parents were Maria Mendeleeva and Ivan Mendeleev. Mendeleev was the youngest child. His father worked as a teacher but he became blind and stopped working. As a result Maria Mendeleeva began to work and re-established the glass factory which belonged to her family.
When Mendeleev was 13 he entered the Gymnasium in Tobolsk. In 1849 his family moved to Saint Petersburg. In 1850 Mendeleev joined The Main Pedagogical Institute. Following the graduation he developed tuberculosis and was forced to relocate to the Crimean Peninsula. Living there, Mendeleev became a science master of the Simferopol gymnasium #1. In 1857 after recovery he arrived in Saint Petersburg.
From 1859 to 1861 Mendeleev worked in Heidelberg and researched the capillarity of liquids. In April 1862 he married Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva. Two years later Mendeleev became a professor at the Saint Petersburg Technological Institute. In 1865 he became a professor at Saint Petersburg State University.
The same year Mendeleev completed his dissertation «On the Combinations of Water with Alcohol». By 1871 Saint Petersburg was known as a center for chemistry research.
Mendeleev obtained a lot of awards from different scientific organizations but he resigned from Saint Petersburg University in 1890. Three years later Mendeleev was appointed Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures.
Mendeleev also researched the composition of petroleum and made a contribution to the foundation of the first Russian oil refinery.
Dmitri Mendeleev died of influenza in Saint Petersburg in 1907.
But nowadays everybody remembers him and his discoveries.
Biography of Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev / Биография Дмитрия Ивановича Менделеева
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834 – 1906) was a Russian chemist who became a professor at Saint Petersburg University. He is best known for identifying properties of elements and the creation of the periodic table of elements, which is still used today. Mendeleev devoted a great part of his life to the study of solutions, catalysis, and petroleum. He also wrote many works, including Principles of Chemistry.
Dmitri Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834 in Tobolsk, a town in the western part of Siberia. He was probably the last of seventeen children (some sources suggest, however, that he was the last of fourteen children) born to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleev. Dmitri’s father Ivan taught literature and was a head-master of an advanced secondary school, called a gymnasium. Unfortunately, Ivan lost his sight and died when Dmitri was still a young boy. His mother received a small pension, but it was not enough money to provide for her family. However, Maria was a resourceful woman and she managed to re-open a glass factory that had previously belonged to one of her relatives. Disaster struck when Dmitri was 15, and the glass factory was destroyed by fire. Consequently, Maria and her son moved to Moscow, where she hoped her son would attend university. Unfortunately, their plan failed and Dmitri entered the Main Pedagogical Institute, where gymnasium teachers were educated. He studied mathematics, physics, and chemistry and was awarded the medal of excellence for being first in his class.
Due to his poor health, he moved to Simferopol (in southern Russia) and became a teacher in the local gymnasium. Unluckily, his career was interrupted by the Crimean War, and the gymnasium where he worked was converted into a hospital. Mendeleev moved back to Saint Petersburg, where he became employed as an assistant in the General Chemistry Cathedral of the University. After two years, in 1857, he began delivering lectures for students.
In January, 1859, Mendeleev moved and spent two years abroad. At the beginning, he studied in Paris under the supervision of Professor Henri Victor Regnault. Later, he travelled to Heidelberg, where he continued his research, this time studying the solutions under the guidance of Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchoff.
In 1860, Dmitri attended the Karlsruhe Congress, where he met many leading chemists of that time. Undoubtedly, it had a tremendous impact on young Mendeleev, because only two years after this event he wrote his dissertation “On the Combinations of Water with Alcohol” and became a professor of chemistry at the University in Saint Petersburg. During this time he also wrote a comprehensive textbook on organic chemistry.
As a professor, Mendeleev was highly respected and valued by his students: he was eloquent, brave and, most importantly, he was viewed as a moral and scientific authority. His lectures were attended by a great number of students from numerous departments, who were literally fighting for seats. When Mendeleev walked into classrooms he was greeted by silence, which turned immediately into standing ovations.
Influenced by his family, Dmitri proposed marriage to Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva in 1861. Soon after the engagement, they were married in the Naval cathedral of Saint Nicholas in Saint Petersburg. They had two children together: Vladimir and Olga. Unfortunately, because of personality differences, their marriage ended in divorce.
Mendeleev’s work at the university ended unexpectedly. Having sided with his students over a dispute, he handed the Minister of Education a petition in which the students had presented numerous demands. After being punished for his action, he resigned from the university position and was appointed as the Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures. He remained at this position for the rest of his life. His research influenced many different areas of science. His works were related to the theory of solutions, mass, weight, and gases. He also presented a hypothesis regarding Abiogenic Petroleum Origin, and predicted the possibility of extracting many important chemical compounds out of petroleum. Dmitri also made his mark in the field of physics, natural sciences, and economics. Mendeleev was interested in solar eclipses, the movements of the pendulum clock, the existence of the cosmic ether, mining, and expeditions in the polar ice. Among his many publications is even a thesis about Russian customs tariffs.
His most important achievement is considered to be the discovery of the periodic table of elements. Mendeleev’s classification was based on the periodic law. The periodic law did not determine the length of the period, but presented the existence of a recurring pattern in the properties of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic weights.
In 1869, the Russian Chemical Society announced the first information about his discovery and the Society’s newspaper presented his article “The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements.” A year later, Dmitri wrote another detailed article regarding the periodic law.
Mendeleev claimed that the division into octaves used by English chemist John Alexander Reina Newlands in 1865 could not be applied to all chemical elements. He thought that after the first two octaves, each consisting of seven chemical elements (noble gases were unknown at that time), come groups consisting of seventeen elements. Another notable achievement was discovering that the lack of pattern in the arrangement of the elements was not due to the periodic system, but because of mistakes in the evaluation of the atomic weight of these elements. Mendeleev proved this after conducting numerous experiments on chemical elements. By doing so, the periodic system was fully vindicated.
Whenever Dmitri came across a new chemical element whose properties were entirely different from other elements in its group, he left a gap and placed the element among similar ones in another group. It enabled him to predict the characteristics of elements that were virtually unknown at the time. Mendeleev named some of these elements eka-boron, eka-aluminum and eka-silicon.
When the elements that Mendeleev had predicted where eventually discovered, Mendeleev’s periodic table of elements was proven correct. Since its development, the periodic table of elements has laid the foundations for the development of chemistry as we know it. It has brought order and coherence. The table itself is flexible and is still developing. Even Dmitri knew that his discovery was not a finished product.
Mendeleev died at the age of 72 in Saint Petersburg. A crater on the Moon, a planetoid, and the radioactive element number 101 were named in his honor.
(No Ratings Yet) 
Loading.
Copyright © 2011-2021. All Rights Reserved.
Срочно напишите мне на английском 5 предложений про Менделеева!
Mendeleev was born on 8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1834 in Verhnie Aremzyani village, near Tobolsk (Russia) to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (born Kornilieva). His grandfather was Pavel Maximovich Sokolov, a Russian priest. Ivan, along with his brothers and sisters, obtained new family names while attending theological seminary.[1]
Mendeleev was the youngest of 17 siblings, but the exact number differs among sources.[2] At the age of 13, after the passing of his father and the destruction of his mother’s factory by fire, Mendeleev attended the Gymnasium in Tobolsk.
In 1849, the now poor Mendeleev family relocated to St. Petersburg, where he entered the Main Pedagogical Institute in 1850. After graduation, an illness that was diagnosed as tuberculosis caused him to move to the Crimean Peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in 1855. While there he became a science master of the Simferopol gymnasium №1. He returned with fully restored health to St. Petersburg in 1857.
Between 1859 and 1861, he worked on the capillarity of liquids and the workings of the spectroscope in Heidelberg. In the late August of 1861 he wrote his first book on the spectroscope in which it received high acclaim. In 1862, he married Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva. Mendeleev became Professor of Chemistry at the Saint Petersburg Technological Institute and the University of St. Petersburg in 1863. In 1865 he became Doctor of Science for his dissertation «On the Combinations of Water with Alcohol». He achieved tenure in 1867, and by 1871 had transformed St. Petersburg into an internationally recognized center for chemistry research. In 1876, he became obsessed with Anna Ivanova Popova and began courting her; in 1881 he proposed to her and threatened suicide if she refused. His divorce from Leshcheva was finalized one month after he had married Popova in early 1882. Even after the divorce, Mendeleev was technically a bigamist; the Russian Orthodox Church required at least 7 years before lawful re-marriage. His divorce and the surrounding controversy contributed to his failure to be admitted to the Russian Academy of Sciences (despite his international fame by that time). His daughter from his second marriage, Lyubov, became the wife of the famous Russian poet Alexander Blok. His other children were son Vladimir (a sailor, he took part in the notable Eastern journey of Nicholas II) and daughter Olga, from his first marriage to Feozva, and son Ivan and a pair of twins from Anna.
Though Mendeleev was widely honored by scientific organizations all over Europe, including the Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London, he resigned from St. Petersburg University on August 17, 1890.
In 1893, he was appointed Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures. It was in this role that he was directed to formulate new state standards for the production of vodka. As a result of his work, in 1894 new standards for vodka were introduced into Russian law and all vodka had to be produced at 40% alcohol by volume.
Mendeleev also investigated the composition of oil fields, and helped to found the first oil refinery in Russia.
Mendeleev died in 1907 in St. Petersburg, Russia from influenza. The Mendeleev crater on the Moon, as well as element number 101, the radioactive mendelevium, are named after him.
