A short history of Christ the Saviour Cathedral in Moscow
Christ the Saviour Cathedral ( Храм Христа Спасителя ) is the mother cathedra or see of the Russian Orthodox Patriarchate, whose current primate is His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia. The cathedral is located on the north bank of the Moskva River to the immediate southwest of the capital’s Kremlin fortress, where, inside the Dormition Cathedral (Uspenskiy Sobor) all Russian tsars and tsarinas have been crowned and anointed. Christ the Saviour is the tallest Orthodox cathedral in the world, standing at 103 metres (338 feet) above the pavement. The main sanctuary (temple) can fit over 10,000 standing worshipers.
On Christmas Day in 1812, Russian Imperial forces drove the last of Napoleon Bonaparte’s Grand Army off of Russian territory — once 600,000 men strong, now a mere 20-30,000 remained. In thanksgiving, His Imperial Majesty Emperor Alexander I (1777-1825, r. 1801-1825) signed a Manifesto ordering the construction of a magnificent Cathedral in honor of Christ the Savior in Moscow as a thanksgiving to God and to honor the victorious Russian army.
The Emperor’s Manifesto reads, in part:
To signify Our gratitude to Divine Providence for saving Russia from the doom that overshadowed Her and to preserve the memory of the unheard of efforts, loyalty and love for our Faith and Homeland displayed during these difficult days by the Russian people, We hereby intend to build a Cathedral in honor of Christ the Saviour in our capital city of Moscow, wherein the appropriate Decree will be issued in due time. May the Almighty bless Our intentions. May our intentions be fulfilled. May the Cathedral stand for many centuries. Let the incense of thanksgiving, together with love and a desire to imitate the feats of our anscestoral feats, burn before the holy altar of God for many generations.
After over 40 years of initial construction paid for by donations from across the Russian Empire and with imperial patronage, the cathedral was first consecrated on 26 May 1883 in the presence of Emperor Alexander III and senior members of the Imperial Family along with numerous Church and foreign dignitaries. Demolished on Soviet dictator Stalin’s orders on 5 December 1931, the site was initially envisioned to hold a colossal monument to Marxist-Leninism, a gaudy skyscraper called the “Palace of Soviets” raised to the memory of Lenin. Here is a brief video showing the cathedral’s destruction.
Plans for the “palace” stalled during the Great Patriotic War (WWII), and afterwards the foundations were turned into the world’s largest open-air swimming pool, in which numerous Soviet citizens drowned. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the newly-free Moscow Patriarchate announced plans to rebuild the demolished Cathedral on its pre-revolutionary model and scale. Funds poured in from all across the former Russian Empire, including from Russian emigres living in Western Europe and the Americas. Construction was finished by 2000, and HH Patriarch Alexey II consecrated the new cathedral along with numerous other Russian clergy on 19 August 2000. Besides functioning as the Patriarch’s cathedral church, the building is a monument to the suffering of the Russian people under communism and a symbol of the resurgence of Orthodoxy in Russian cultural life following 1991. Every year, the President and Prime Minister of the Russian Federation attend Nativity (7 January on the civil calendar/25 December on the Julian) and Paschal midnight services in the cathedral, and are greeted with an address by the Patriarch, who they in turn address with the traditional festive greeting “Christ is Risen!”, “Truly He is Risen!” (Христос Воскресе! Ваистину Воскресе!).
Nigel Fowler Sutton notes
Сочинение английский 5 класс «О храме Василия Блаженного»
Ответ или решение 1
In the 19th century, on the very place where the Church is now located, there was a stone Trinity Church. In 1552, St. Basil the blessed was buried at this Church, who was endowed with the gift of clairvoyance and predicted the trouble, a strong fire in Moscow in 1547. Tsar Ivan the terrible himself honored the fool and was even a little afraid of him. Soon they began to build a new Cathedral, where later the relics of St. Basil were transferred. A long and interesting history is connected with the construction of the temple. Its construction took place during the great Kazan campaign, which was given great importance. In 1552 Ivan the terrible personally, who led the army, made a promise that if the campaign ends in victory, he will build on the main square of Moscow’s greatest temple. And after a significant event, a new temple was built. It caused delight not only among citizens, but also among foreigners: «and all merchants and ambassadors who looked at this temple, said that we did not see in any kingdoms, neither in others, nor in the, such beauty, and glory and force great».
By right, this temple was considered not only a great symbol of the capital of Russian cities, but also throughout Russia. And it is not only that it was built in the Center of Moscow in honor of a significant event, but also that the St. Basil’s Cathedral itself is great and very good.
At first glance, the architecture of the Cathedral seems very complex. Unusual and the composition of the temple. The Cathedral consists of nine churches built on the same Foundation. The Central tower is hipped, with a magnificent «fire» decor. It is the axis of the whole composition. Eight other buildings are located on the sides of the world. They are made in the form of towers and crowned with domes similar to bulbs.
All baths are different and not one of the domes is not like the other. The pattern of each dome is different. But the main thing that distinguishes the temple is the lack of a pronounced facade. The shape of the tiered tower-pillar is dominant in the architecture of the Cathedral. She would tell him upward aspiration.
Between the pillars are extended chapels, decorated with three tiers of kokoshniks, which seem to raise the»head». Much attention is paid to the external decoration of the temple. The decor weaves it from the top to the bottom. As an architectural monument, St. Basil’s Cathedral became the pinnacle of Moscow architecture of the 19th century.
Презентация по английскому языку по теме «Собор Василия Блаженного» (9 класс)
специалист в области арт-терапии
Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:
One of the most popular monuments of Russia is St. Basil’s Cathedral Fefilova Polina 9 A
St. Basil’s Cathedral
It is located next to Red Square in the city of Moscow, Russia.
St Basil’s Cathedral was built in 1555 by Ivan the Terrible. It was built in honour of Ivan the Terrible‘s victory in the war against the Tartar Mongols in the city of Kazan.
Although the cathedral is now a museum and is visited by thousands of tourist every year, religious ceremonies are still held there every Sunday.
St Basil’s is one of the most recognised Russian monuments due to its unique architecture of onion-shaped domes.
Номер материала: ДБ-188350
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